Visualization of acoustic intensity vector fields using scanning measurement techniques

Sound propagation paths are not always well understood mainly because of the complex nature of the source or the environment. A direct method to capture the sound energy flow throughout a room is to measure the three-dimensional sound intensity distribution across space. In the past years, several studies have been carried out using step by step measurements with a three-dimensional intensity probe consisting of a sound pressure transducer and three orthogonal particle velocity sensors. The probe’s ability to measure even in highly reverberant environments and its small size are key features required for numerous applications. However, punctual measurements are time-consuming, especially when a large number of measurement positions are evaluated. The use of advanced scanning measurement techniques, such Scan & Paint, allows for the gathering of data across a time stationary sound field in a fast and efficient way, using a single sensor and webcam only. The acoustic signals are acquired manually by moving a probe across a measurement plane whilst filming the event with a camera. In the post-processing stage, the sensor position is extracted and then used for linking a segment of the signal acquired to a certain position of the space. In this manner, the overall measurement time is reduced from hours to minutes. In this paper, the acoustic intensity vector fields of several complex examples are investigated; revealing the acoustic energy flow of several vehicles, a loudspeaker in a room, and also the interaction between an absorbing sample and a reverberant sound field

Book Review: <i>Mediating cultural memory in Britain and Ireland: </i><i>From the 1688 Revolution to the 1745 </i>by Leith Davis

Mediating Cultural Memory in Britain and Ireland: From the 1688 Revolution to the 1745 Jacobite Rising by Leith Davis published by Cambridge University Press, 2022. Book Review by Daniel Cook.299pp. £75. ISBN 978-1316510810

The More-Than-Human Other of Levinas’s Totality & Infinity

Emmanuel Levinas’s writings militate against an ontological way of thinking that he claims dominates the history of European philosophy. In their drive towards truth and knowledge, Levinas argues that thinkers like Kant, Hegel, and Heidegger efface the alterity of the Other, the Other’s “otherness,” by appropriating alterity as a moment of self-consciousness or Being. This ontological thinking, Levinas argues, attempts to violently reduce the unthematizable excess of the Other by systematically assimilating the Other in the concepts of totalizing thought. Levinas articulates his opposition to this tradition at length in Totality & Infinity by insisting upon an irreducible heteronomy: an Other who remains radically outside of any relationship that I might have with them

Effects of Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation of Reduced Crude Protein (RCP) Diet on Net Energy Basis on Growing-Finishing Swine

Barrows and gilts (n=210) were used to test the effects of crystalline amino acid (AA) supplementation of reduced crude protein (RCP) diets formulated on a net energy basis on quality characteristics of the LM from growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were blocked by weight, and pens (3 barrows and 3 gilts/pen) within each block were assigned randomly to either corn-soybean meal diets (C) or 1 of 3 RCP diets and added crystalline AA levels for the dietary treatments during each feeding phase. During the last 3-wk feeding phase, 10 ppm of ractopamine were included in all diets. At slaughter and after a 24-h rapid chilling period, a subsample of whole pork loins (3/pen) was collected during carcass fabrication and further processed into LM chops for quality data collection. A 2.5-cm-thick slice was removed from the anterior end of randomly selected fresh pork bellies (3 bellies/pen). Belly slices were further dissected into the outer s.c. (OSC) and middle s.c. (MSC) fat layers, as well as intermuscular fat (INT). Jowl, belly and LM samples were freeze-dried and analyzed for fatty acid composition. As CP decreased in swine diets, Japanese (P \u3c 0.01), American (P = 0.032), and fat color scores decreased (linear, P = 0.017), whereas LM drip loss increased (linear, P = 0.015) with decreasing CP diets. Lightness (L*) value increased (P = 0.015) linearly with decreasing CP diets; yet, neither a* nor b* values were affected (P ≥ 0.414) by RCP treatments. Furthermore, marbling and firmness scores, cooking loss percentage, and shear force values were not (P ≥ 0.503) affected by dietary CP levels. Color was detrimentally affected by reducing dietary CP and adding crystalline AA in diets formulated on a net energy basis. There were no (P ≥ 0.132) dietary treatment × fat layer interactions; however, proportions of all SFA and all MUFA increased (linear, P ≤ 0.006), and proportions of all PUFA decreased (linear, P = 0.010), as CP was reduced in the diet. Also, belly fat IV decreased linearly (P \u3c 0.001) with decreasing dietary CP. Total SFA were greatest (P \u3c 0.05) in the INT, and SFA percentage was greater (P \u3c 0.05) in the MSC than OSC. The OSC and MSC had greater (P \u3c 0.05) proportions of all MUFA than INT, whereas OSC had greater (P \u3c 0.05) proportions of PUFA than MSC and INT. The OSC had the greatest (P \u3c 0.05) IV (74.0), and IV of the MSC was greater (P \u3c 0.05) than that of the INT (70.0 vs. 68.1). Similarly, total PUFA percentages in the jowl and LM samples decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.0003), whereas MUFA percentages in the jowl and LM measured (linear, P ≤ 0.0062) with decreasing dietary CP. In particular, in swine diets oleic acid (18:1c9) increased (linear, P ≤ .0142) and linoleic acid (18:2n6) decreased in the LM and the jowl fat as CP was decreased. Similar to 18:2n6, linolenic acid (18:3n3) in the jowl fat and LM had decreased (linear, P ≤ .0001) 27% and 17.8% in the jowl fat and LM respectively, among RCP treatments. Results indicate that fatty acid composition differs greatly among the fat layers of fresh pork bellies, MUFA composition of pork belly fat was increased at the expense of PUFA by reducing dietary CP, suggesting enhanced de novo synthesis in pigs fed RCP diets supplemented with crystalline AA